A phono preamplifier, also known as a phono preamp, is a specialized type of preamplifier that is designed to amplify and equalize the low-level signal produced by a turntable's cartridge. Turntables produce a very low-level signal, typically in the range of a few millivolts, which is much lower than the signal produced by other audio sources such as CD players or digital music players. In addition, the signal produced by a turntable is equalized in a specific way to compensate for the physical characteristics of vinyl records, such as the RIAA curve.

A phono preamp is necessary to boost the low-level signal produced by the turntable's cartridge and to apply the appropriate equalization to the signal before it is sent to a power amplifier. Without a phono preamp, the turntable's signal would be too weak and would sound dull and lifeless.

Phono preamps can be designed for different types of turntable cartridges, such as moving magnet (MM) or moving coil (MC), and can range in complexity and quality depending on the intended use and the level of performance required. High-end phono preamps may include advanced features such as balanced inputs and outputs, low-noise circuitry, and adjustable gain and loading settings.